Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing was born in London, England, on June 23, 1912 to Julius Mathison Turing and Ethel Sara Stoney, the second of two sons. His father was in the Indian Civil Service, and his mother rejoined her husband in India when Alan was one. Alan and his brother John spent much of their childhood with family relatives and in foster homes. ... Turing never fit in with others. ... ¡¨ While in school, Turing, a homosexual, became close friends and lovers, with another boy named Christopher Morcom. ... Morcom¡¦s death shattered Turing, and would haunt him for the rest of his life.
Turing was accepted into the University of Cambridge¡¦s King College in 1931, after he had been twice rejected from Cambridge¡¦s Trinity College. Turing did better at King than at Sherborne, and although he still had a hard time making friends, he was able to develop influential mathematical theories while at King. ...
The following year, Turing published a paper called On Computable Numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. In his paper, Turing presented an abstract machine that moved from one state to another using a precise finite set of rules (given a finite table) and depending on a single symbol it read from a tape (O¡¦Connor 2). The ¡§Turing Machine¡¨, as it was later called, could write or delete symbols from the tape.
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