Sunspot
A sunspot is a dark part of the sun’s surface that is cooler than the surrounding area of the sun. ... A sunspot consists of two regions, the umbra and the penumbra. ... In each sunspot pair in the Northern Hemisphere the first spot has a north magnetic polarity and the second has a south magnetic polarity, while in the Southern Hemisphere it is the opposite pattern. In sunspot groups the polarity of the sunspots gets increasingly complex.