... The outcome for many patients can also mean long-term cardiac illness - about 1. ... This gives some idea of the enormity of the task facing those health professionals involved in cardiac care. ... The major challenge therefore facing primary health care settings and even individual health care professionals is to decide how to respond to this research and to identify just what they should be implementing in their practice and why. The development of health and rehabilitation strategies that are currently employed within the UK are to a varying extent shaped by research findings. ...
When considering the key issues of health related to MI it initially important to consider what is meant by the term ‘health’. Health is contextual and cannot be viewed solely as an individual achievement. The World Health Organization (WHO) (1984) proposes that health is a holistic concept which encompasses physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual elements and is not merely the absence of disease. ... There are many repercussions to an individual’s health following a heart attack which include not only serious damage to physical health but also subsidiary damage to a patient’s mental, emotional and social condition. ... Family health issues are often key in the recovery post MI, changes in role and stature within a family as a result of a key family member suffering an MI are frequent and can often be difficult for both the survivor and their families to adjust to. Similarly the loss of earning’s and social stature than can result from serious illness can also have an adverse effect on both a survivors health and rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation is concerned with rebuilding lives, the notion that an individual should work to get better, rather than wait for recovery to occur is fairly modern in origin. According to Thompson & Webster (1992) rehabilitation became a speciality within its own right during the mid-20th century, concerning its self with the problems that cross many diagnostic boundaries, continue after discharge and require teamwork to achieve success. Heart attack survivors are prime candidates for a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive process which encompasses not only medication and surgery but exercise, education, and behavioural modification programs, designed to improve the physical, social, economic and vocational condition of patients with heart disease and where possible prevent the underlying disease from progressing. Essentially the aim of cardiac rehabilitation is to improve and extend the quality of life for the survivor (Jowett & Thompson 1998). Cardiac rehabilitation is ordinarily overseen by a specialized team of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. Members of the cardiac rehabilitation team may include a dietician or nutritionist, physical therapist, exercise physiologist, psychologist, vocational counsellor, occupational therapist, and social worker. ... Components of a cardiac rehabilitation program vary by individual clinical need, and each program will be carefully constructed for the patient by his or her rehabilitation team but almost all effective programmes currently implemented within the UK include programmes of exercise, diet and lifestyle modification, counselling, education and risk factor modification.
Over the last 40 years there have been major advances in the treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of heart disease. ... It has also motivated cardiac surgeons to explore minimally invasive surgical approaches to coronary bypass surgery such as keyhole and port access cardiac surgery.
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