The feature of bipolar disorder is the occurrence of one or more manic episodes. The term “bipolar” is used because the disorders are usually accompanied by one or more major depressive episodes. If a person is currently experiencing a manic episode, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, manic is given. ... In bipolar I disorder, these specifiers indicate the serverity of the current manic episode or the level of remission if the most recent episode was a manic . ... In bipolar disorder, depressed, the current episode is one of depression, although one or more manic episodes have been experienced. In bipolar I and bipolar II disorder, these specifiers indicate either the severity of the current major depressive episode or the level of remission if the most recent episode was a major depressive episode. Bipolar disorder, mixed is interesting in that the manic and depressive episodes are intermixed or rapidly alternate with only brief intervening “normal” periods. In bipolar I disorder, these specifiers indicate either the severity of the current mixed episode or the level of remission if the most recent episode was a mixed episode. ... Borderline personality disorder is associated with marked shifts in mood but may suggest cyclothymic disorder.
Bipolar I disorder is sub classified according to whether the individual is experiencing a first episode or whether the disorder is recurrent. ... Completed suicide occurs in ten to fifteen percent of individuals with bipolar I disorder. ... Bipolar disorder is associated with alcohol and other substance use disorder. Individuals with early bipolar I disorder are more likely to have a history of current alcohol or other substance use problems. There are no reports of differential incidence of bipolar I disorder based on race or ethnicity. There is some evidence that clinicians may have a tendency to over diagnose Schizophrenia in some ethnic groups and in younger individuals instead of bipolar I disorder. Recent studies in the United States indicate that bipolar I disorder is equally common in men and women. ... There appear to be no laboratory features that are diagnostic of bipolar I disorder or that distinguish major depressive episodes found in bipolar I disorder from those in major depressive disorder of bipolar II.
The essential feature of bipolar II disorder is a clinical course that is characterized by the occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypo manic episode.
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