The purpose of this study was to test whether the position of the coloured letter in Besner et. ... ’s (1997) single-letter-coloured Stroop task affects the amount of interference observed in colour naming times in seconds. ... The Stroop lists consisted of whole words and whole nonwords, with the different position of the letter of the words/nonwords. ... The results showed smaller mean naming time in seconds for whole-nonword-coloured condition compared to the whole-word-coloured condition. ... The findings also showed smaller mean naming time in seconds for the first-letter conditions, than for the stimulus conditions (whole words and whole nonwords). ... And the results showed that the mean naming time in second was longer for the first-letter condition, than the other colour conditions (middle and last-letter). ... Thus, this is called the Stroop effect – slower ink color naming of incongruent rather than congruent color words. ... In different conditions, the first, middle, and last two letters of a colour word formed colour patches (for more information on experiment, see appendix). The first part of a colour word interfered with the colour naming more than other word parts, which confirms their hypothesis (Singer et. ... They concluded that activation of the appropriate motor program for a words pronunciation begins with knowing the first letter of a word (as cited in Singer et. ... Thus, it follows that the first part of a word should interfere with colour naming. ... Warren proposed that as a part of the encoding process, words trigger memory association. Thus, the process itself engenders interference in colour-naming on the Stroop task. ...
Coltheart, Wollams, Kinoshita and Perry (1999) conducted a study that showed that colour naming responses are faster when printed word shares a phoneme with the colour name to be produced than when it does not, in condition where there is no semantic relationship between printed word and the colour name (Colheart et. ... Colour-related words such as sky produce a Stroop effect relative to colour-unrelated words such as put (Klein, 1964, as cited in Colheart et. ... Pronounceable nonwords such as dap produce a Stroop effect relative to random consonant strings such as fjq, that effect is taken to be phonological in nature (Colheart et. ... Thus, whether only a single letter or the entire word is coloured should not affect the amount of the Stroop effect (Besner et. ... In contrast, if the requirement to identify the colour of a single letter is detrimental to processing the word to the semantic level, the amount of Stroop effect should be smaller than in a condition in which all the letters are coloured (Besner et. ...
Their findings also showed a larger Stroop effect for the words than for the pseudohomophones, which is consistent with the claim that it is not just the phonological coding that is the basis for the computing semantics, but the orthography also plays a role (Besner et. ... (1999) also argue that the naming time in Stroop effect is affected by the presence of semantic, phonological or orthographic relationships between the stimulus word and the response word. ... ’s (1997) experiment, except that in this study instead of the pseudohomophones were used the nonwords. Therefore, the aim of present study is to test whether the position of the coloured letter in Besner et. ... ’s (1997) single-letter-coloured Stroop task affects the amount of interference observed in colour naming times in seconds. Specifically, it was hypothesised that the amount of Stroop interference (that is, the difference between naming the colour names and nonwords) will be reduced in the first-letter-coloured condition compared to the whole-word-coloured conditions.
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