Animal and human abuse is only one form of deviant and antisocial behavior. The relationship of animal abuse to violence is an aggressive behavior problem and is one of fifteen separate symptoms listed as a (CD) conduct disorder. ...
According to United Animal Nations, "Study after study reveals that offenses against animals made by juveniles often lead to offenses against humans later in life. ... Hellman and Nathan Blackman published their formal study on the link between human violence and animal abuse. ... It also found that acts of animal abuse were to follow other crimes, (Ascione, 1995 & 1997; Quinlisk, 1995). A 1997 study by the MSPCA and Northeastern University found that 70% of animal abusers had committed at least one other criminal offense and almost 40% had committed violent crimes against people. The link between animal cruelty and other antisocial behaviors, isolated acts of cruelty, especially when exhibited by children, must never be ignored. ... com; Animal Abuse Potential).
Arluke and Levin hypothesis is that an antisocial behavior can develop into multiple stages of deviant behavior problems, which include animal and human abuse. Animal abuse might occur either before, during or after a deviant behavior directed towards humans. The research was conducted by investigating official criminal records of animal abusers and control participants. ... Abuse was not only associated with violence. Studies of prison inmates reveal that as many as 75% of violent offenders had early records of animal cruelty, (Ascione, 1995 & 1997). In a Federal Bureau of Investigation study of thirty-six convicted multiple murderers conducted in 1970, 46% confessed to acts of animal torture during their adolescence. ... Whereas the weak form of the hypothesis predicts an association between abuse and violence, the strong form suggests that animal abuse is uniquely related to violence toward humans as opposed to other forms of deviant behavior. By comparing animal abusers with control participants, they examined the extent to which animal abuse was correlated with several antisocial behaviors, including, but not limited to violence. However, even if a strong and unique relationship was detected between abuse and violence, this would constitute a necessary, but not sufficient condition to demonstrate the core of the graduation hypothesis; namely, that animal abuse subsequently leads to violence.
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