BACKGROUND
Apple was founded in April 1976 by Steve Wozniak, 26 years old, and Steve Jobs, 21, both college dropouts. In 1976 Wozniak was working on the Apple I computer, without keyboard or power supply, for a computer hobbyist club. Later that summer, Wozniak began work on the Apple II, designed to appeal to a greater market than computer hobbyists. Apples professional marketing team placed the Apple II in retail stores, and by June 1977, annual sales reached $1 million. In 1979 Apple introduced the Apple II+, with far more memory than the Apple II and an easier startup system. ... In December 1980, Apple went public. ... The Apple III was well received when it was released in September 1980 at $3,495 but the Apple III never sold as well as the Apple II. ... Unfortunately, the Lisa did not sell as well as Apple had hoped. ... The Macintosh computer finally moved Apple into the business office. ...
Now, Apple designs, develops, produces, markets and services microprocessor-based personal computers, related software and peripheral products, including laser printers, scanners, compact disk read-only memory drives and other related products; and manufactures communications products that connect Apple systems to local area networks, connect the Macintosh to other computers and integrate the Macintosh into various computing environments. ... In 1981, IBM introduced IBM personal computers, Apple stressed its belief in the fundamental difference between an IBM computer and an Apple. However, IBMs products were dominated in business, businesses felt comfortable to buy IBM computers rather than Apple. ... Friction developed between the divisions and separate subculture formed within Apple. ...
* A failure to deliver the Macintosh office, which would give Apple much-needed leverage in the business market. ... In 1988, Apple restructured and create four independent operating units. Apple USA, Apple Europe, Apple Pacific and Apple Products, Apple USA and Apple Products fought and caused both to lose contact with the market.
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