CASE STUDY: KARL MARX
SUMMARISE HIS MAIN VIEWS. ... Within this ideaology Karl Marx and his partner, Frederick Engels, examined historical materialism to explain class struggle, social relations and its links to economics and revolution. Karl Marxs philosophies and ideas have had an immense impact on the social structures of the world and the ideologies that have been behind them. ... At the time of Marx, the proleteriat were facing comparitively poor working and living conditions, particularly in less industrialised countries, such as Russia. ... Marx used dialectical materialism as a way of viewing the current society around him and the history of society; thus introducing "historical materialism. ... From this Marx concluded that human thought and emotions is affected by and started within the environment in which they live in, therefore it is nature that has defined human thought, not human thought that has defined nature. ... It is through historical materialism that Marx defines the class struggle as it existed and as it had changed throughout history, as a source of social change, and therefore defines history as the activity of humanity. ... " Karl Marx
COMMUNISM AND DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM
From Marxs ideas on history through dialectical materialism he could begin to predict the fall of capitalism and the rise of communism according to the patterns of social change and human activity. According to Marx, Communism will not come in, in relationship to the rise and fall of the production force, but it would be because of the blatant contradictions in capitalism. ... Marx firmly believes that Communism is the end goal and that it will be the Proleteriat who will lead the way with the revolution. ... Commodity is defined by Marx as an object outside of us that often has a social-use value attatched to it, that is produced by one person and consumed by another. ... When finding what it is in exchange value that each commodity has in common; as into what ratio of value can one commodity be exchanged with another, Marx determined that the common factor in exchange value is in the labour time socially necessary for its production. When viewing capitalist profit then, Marx determined that a labourer should therefore be paid the value of the commodities produced by their labour. ...
Marx defines a capitalist as someone who owns capital; that is someone who owns wealth which in turn creates wealth from surplus value. Marx differentiates capital as two types; Fixed capital and Variable capital. ...
Surplus value itself can be broken up into two different forms according to Marx, absolute surplus value and relative surplus value. Absolute Surplus value is related to the length of the working day, which was a strong component in the time of Marx, along side of labour and capital. ...
Marx also believed that eventually because of the competion in capitalism and the increased use of machinery and re organised production, that profits would increase, but the profit rate itself would decrease. ... " - Karl Marx
MARXISM AND THE STATE
The state, according to Marxist theory, is a political establishment consisting of the following components; parlimentary assemblies, local government, police, military, judiciary, civil service and the cabinet.
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