Cryogenics is a largely growing field, relatively innovative in the field of science and research. It deals with freezing temperatures below –150 degrees Celsius (-238 degrees Fahrenheit) using oxygen, helium I, helium II (which are both are chemically identical), and nitrogen. These are cooled to the point of liquidation and used to freeze diverse materials and substances. “At these extreme conditions, such properties of materials as strength, thermal conductivity, ductility and electrical resistance are altered…materials at cryogenic temperatures are as close to a static and highly ordered state as possible.” Cryogenics is more than the term for freezing, but more precisely for temperatures below –150 degrees Celsius. “Cryogenic temperatures are achieved either by rapid evaporation of volatile liquids or by the expansion of gases confined initially at pressures of 150-200 atmospheres.” This ability to freeze materials at such low temperature aids in the exploration of human research and development as well as freeze-dried foods, and aeronautics. Among the different materials that can be cryogenically frozen, food is almost certainly the most familiar one. Liquid nitrogen is used in this process by being sprayed onto the food. This causes the heat to completely absorb from the food and the food is then preserved. This is most commonly known as “astronaut food” and is not only used in space, but also for people needing to carry light loads like extreme hikers or mountain bikers.
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