... 0 Introduction
In the year 1947, reduction of trade barriers is one of the major objectives of establishing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Almost 60 years later, the world trade still facing this problem.
Any restriction imposed on the flow of trade is called trade barriers. Trade barriers can either be tariff barriers - that are levy of ordinary customs duties within the binding commitments undertaken by the concerned country or non-tariff barriers - that are any trade barriers other than the tariff barriers (Internet 1). Tariff barriers have been largely removed in the high-income countries due to the World Trade Organization (WTO), NAFTA, and other economic agreements. ...
Non-tariff barriers, also called hidden trade barriers and invisible tariff. ... There are the means of keeping the foreign goods out of domestic market while abiding by the multilateral agreements that the country has signed through the WTO (World Trade Organization) (Internet 2). ... Trade Representative (USTR) said in its annual report on barriers to U. ... goods and services exports, countries are increasingly using non-tariff barriers “as a strategy to hamper international trade” (Internet 3). ...
Embargoes
Customs and Administrative Entry Processes
Valuation systems
Antidumping practices
Tariff classifications
Documentation requirements
Fees
Standards
Standards disparities
Intergovernmental acceptances of testing methods and standards
Packaging, labeling, marking, and safety standards
Governmental Participation in Trade
Government procurement policies
Export subsidies
Countervailing duties
Domestic assistance programs
Charges on Imports
Prior import deposit requirements
Administrative fees
Special supplementary duties
Import credit discriminations
Variable levies
Borer taxes
