A Painful Case Essay
James Joyce wrote " A Painful Case" for a book of short stories, The Dubliners. The story circles around many different themes, including the impacts of morality. James Joyce uses several forms of symbolism and foreshadowing through objects he describes throughout the story, including the books in Duffy's apartment. We as readers are first introduced to the concept of Duffy's morality during the first paragraph. Joyce describes the books on the shelf as being arranged meticulously from the smallest at the top, to the largest at the bottom. This is a direct reference to Sigmund Freud's classification of mental activity that discusses the Id, The Ego and the Superego.