In the 1920’s W. ... In order to solve this inadequacy of ethics, Ross proposes his theory of Prima Facie Ethics. ... Ross’s prima facie ethics and provide a definition of what it entails. Then, I will use Ross’s account of prima facie ethics to compare to the utilitarian view of ethics and finally I will provide details to prove why Ross’s account of prima facie duties provide enough structure for moral deliberation.
The word prima facie (meaning "at first glance") is used by Ross to describe the initial issues that matter to us when confronted with a moral choice. A prima facie duty is a moral obligation that is initially binding until a stronger and overriding obligation emerges. For example, if you were kidnapped and the kidnappers wanted you to tell them the address of a family member they wished to kill, you are faced with two conflicting prima facie duties: telling the truth and saving your family member’s life. ... Although both duties are important, most would believe that in this particular instance, lying is justified. ...
Ross proposes in moral situations, individuals are confronted with prima facie duties. ... The next task is to determine which prima facie duty is the most important in that particular situation (Ross calls this your Proper Duty). ...
Ross argues that we intuitively perceive a small set of foundational prima facie duties, which are the basis of all moral judgments. ... Adopting the terminology from the field of jurisprudence, Ross argues that these rank-ordered duties are best described as prima facie duties. ... Thus, my duties of truthfulness and to avoid harm both begin as prima facie duties, but my duty of avoiding harm emerges as my actual duty.
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