Freud Erickson Piaget
Psychology Essay A COMPARISON Intellectual growth has been broadly defined by Piaget in terms of a biological adaptation model. ... Piaget has termed this balance equilibration. ... As his experimental technique, Piaget employs a clinical method for studying the development of intellectual capacity. ... Piaget employs this method, usually with simple materials such as beakers of water, but handled in an ingenious way, to determine cognitive capacities and processes of children during particular stages. ... Piaget refers to these operations as second-order operations. ... Finally, in terms of social interaction, it seems that Piaget is suggesting that motivation depends on ideals and events. ... Erickson believes that during successful early adolescence, mature time perspective is developed; the young person acquires self-certainty as opposed to self-consciousness and self-doubt. ... Erickson believes that, in our culture, adolescence affords a "psychosocial moratorium," particularly for middle - and upper-class American children. ... Freud bases his theory primarily on biological functions. ... Freud believed that behavior is derived from sexuality. ... As to the differences between Piaget, Freud, and Erickson, Piaget is a stage theorist: to him the child must move through the periods of intellectual development in a preset order, and the chronological duration within each period is fixed, although there may be some time differences due to the environment. Comparing Piaget and Freud, Piaget apparently sees psychoanalytic theory as a source of fruitful hypotheses. Piaget sees his own work in the same perspective. ... Piaget is interested in specific problems of conceptual thinking, while Freud was greatly concerned with the way primary processes interfere with cognitive functioning. ... Moreover, Freud, like Piaget, stressed a historical point of view, i. ... Piaget, however, tends to see morality as being more autonomous and resulting from more spontaneous efforts to develop a moral code in the same sense as other reasoning processes develop. ... Finally, in comparing Piaget and Erickson, you can see a complete lack of similarity. Piaget focuses on intellect and Erickson on social-emotional considerations. For example, Piaget labels the first stage of life as the sensory-motor period. To Erickson, this phase carries the label "phase of basic trust.