Artificial Intelligence
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Submitted by juel78 on 06/30/2008 05:21 PM
- Category: Technology
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Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence Project
Though the invention of the electronic computer in 1941 began the quest for "machine intelligence", it was not until a decade later that John McCarthy officially introduced the idea of artificial intelligence (A.I.). His convention at Dartmouth College in 1956 initiated intensive research on A.I. A.I. strives to create a machine logic that mimics the human thought process. It is divided into six major categories:
· Knowledge representation and reasoning
· Planning and problem solving
· Natural language understanding
· Machine learning
· Computer vision
· Robotics
Knowledge representation and reasoning deals with the process of connecting rationale. Whether it is through a series of "if-then" rules, numerical possibilities, or interconnected units, the goal is to assemble the models of processes and mechanisms so that questions about them can be answered by declarative conjecture and imitation.
The next major category, planning and problem solving, attempts to accomplish a goal through sequence of actions. The chosen sequence is directed by heuristics, rules that direct the search toward promising solutions. Many computer games have been designed using heuristics, such as chess. This allows the computer to play at a comparative level of the best human players. It is the decision-making used in such minor tasks that has led to studies in developing sophisticated software, including air traffic control management, computer security, satellite control systems, 911 emergency-vehicle routing, and aircraft collision-avoidance systems.
Natural language processing involves computer programs that communicate in a human language. The development of this capability will allow humans to address a computer as they would another human. Software has been designed that allows the computer to hold a shallow...
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