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The catapult is the winched-down bucket that people normally think about when they hear the word "catapult" Both catapults and ballistas work by storing tension either in twisted ropes or in a flexed piece of wood (in the same way an archery bow does, but on a larger scale). feet (150 to 300 meters) is common. It is surprising how much energy they can store. The gears are important, because they create a winch. The winch allows a person to put a great deal of energy into the catapult over a period of time. Then all of the energy releases at once, throwing the projectile. History of The Catapult The term catapult comes from the Greek katapultos, which was the earliest type of ballista. It has developed into ageneric term for a variety of missile throwing engines. There were four basic power sources used for catapults in medieval times: tension, traction, torsion and gravity. The basic tension device is a bow and arrow.