Archimedes «AHR kuh MEE deez», (287? ... Archimedes, a Greek, was also a physicist and a mechanical engineer. ... Archimedes was born in Syracuse, the largest Greek settlement in Sicily. ... There, Archimedes studied with disciples of Euclid, a famous Greek mathematician. Archimedes spent the rest of his life in Syracuse. ... However, according to one story, Archimedes was killed by a soldier while working on a geometry problem. ... Archimedes proved the law of the lever and invented the compound pulley. ... Archimedes reportedly once boasted to Hiero, king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the entire earth. ... Archimedes is said to have used a system of pulleys to move a ship fully loaded with passengers and freight. In his investigations of force and motion, Archimedes also discovered that every object has a center of gravity. ...
Archimedes did much of his work for King Hiero. ... The king asked Archimedes to find out if the goldsmith had cheated.
Archimedes found the answer to this problem while taking a bath. ... Archimedes noticed that water spilled out of the bath as he placed his body into it. ... Archimedes was so excited when he found the answer that he ran into the street without dressing, shouting "Eureka! ... Archimedes compared the amount of water displaced by the crown to the amount of water displaced by an equal weight of pure gold. ...
Archimedes discovered other basic laws of hydrostatics, the branch of physics that deals with liquids at rest. One of the major laws, called Archimedes principle, describes buoyancy. ... Archimedes principle states that an object fully or partly immersed in a liquid is buoyed upward by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by that object. ... Archimedes is credited with inventing a device used in ancient Egypt to drain and irrigate the land in the Nile Valley. ... Archimedes also invented devices used to defend Syracuse against Roman attacks. ... Some writers of ancient times reported that Archimedes designed a system of mirrors that reflected the suns rays to set Roman ships on fire. ... Archimedes made significant contributions to theoretical mathematics. ... Archimedes used this method to make more precise estimates than any before of the value of pi, the ratio of a circles circumference to its diameter.
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