Enzymes are defined as biological catalysts; they are protein molecules which are produced by living cells. Enzymes are vitally important as without them, reactions taking place in the cells would be too slow to sustain life. They possess the following major properties: all of them are globular proteins, they increase the rate of a reaction without themselves being used up; their presence does not alter the nature or properties of the end products of the reaction; a very small amount of catalyst effects the change of a large amount of substrate; their activity varies with pH, temperature, and substrate and enzyme concentrations; the catalysed reaction is reversible; they are specific (i. ...
Enzymes have been called ‘proteins that make haste’. ... There are 20 different types of R groups, which have difference properties (positive/negative; hydrophobic/hydrophilic; branched/straight). ...
Enzymes need to survive in watery environments, such as the living cell. ... Enzymes are able to do this because they work by binding the substrate molecule at the active site. ...
Initially, it was thought that as the enzymes were very specific, that they had very specific shape into which the substrate could fit into exactly. ...
However this hypothesis did not explain everything, for example the allosteric effects, if the enzyme was in fact rigid, then if a molecule did bind to another part of it, it would not affect other parts of the protein.
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