The Galápagos Islands are well-known throughout the world for their exotic wildlife, evolved differently than every other species. ...
Most of the volcanic rock forming the Galápagos Islands is basaltic. ... So the volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands are gently rounded shield volcanoes.
The first present-day Galápagos Island was formed about four or five million years ago by an underwater volcano erupting and rising above the surface. So the Galápagos chain is relatively young compared to the age of the earth, four and a half billion years old. Also, there have been underwater islands discovered off the southeast end of the Galápagos chain, called the Carnegie ridge. The oldest is 9 million years old, and the islands are underwater because they have eroded away.
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