... The 1790s were also a turbulent period both at home and abroad, and the conflicts that emerged laid the foundation of the 2-party system in the U. ... However, policy disputes were inevitable, and political alliances formed around these disputes. By examining the Federalist and Republican stances on Hamiltonian economy, foreign policy dealing with France and the cause and effects of the Alien and Sedition Acts, insight is gained into how and why the party system developed and how it evolved over time.
To begin, by examining the Federalist and Republican stances towards domestic policy, it appears that the party system arose because of and out of policy disputes. In the early 1790s political cohesion backed the incumbent Washington Administration. For statesmen of the eighteenth century, political parties were anathema. ... Hamilton in turn criticized the Republicans for attempting to subvert the republic and for legitimacy, linked his party to the Constitution by naming it the Federalist party. By examining domestic policy in the 1790s, it appears that the first party system was a result of policy disputes.
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